harm什么意思

1. hurt, injure, wound三个词都可以表达精神上的伤害：

Her words would hurt/injure/wound his pride.

她的话会伤害他的自尊心的。

He is afraid of hurting/injuring/wounding Bessy's feelings.

他怕伤害了贝茜的感情。

2. hurt, injure都有“使受伤；伤害，损伤”的含义，几乎可以互换；但是，hurt还有一个含义“疼，使疼痛”：但injure不作不及物动词用

She was hurt/injured in a traffic accident.

她在一次交通事故中受了伤。

I am lonely and I am hurting.

我很孤单，很难过。

hurt的宾语可是人体的一部分。如：

I wonder he didn't hurt himself jumping over that wall.

我纳闷他怎么从那墙上跳过去竟没摔伤自己。

She fell and hurt her leg rather badly.

她跌倒了，腿伤得相当重。

His leg was hurt. (=He was wounded in the leg.) 他的腿受了伤。

hurt还有一个含义“疼，使疼痛”：

Stop it. You're hurting me.

住手。你弄疼我了。

I didn't mean to hurt her, only to keep her still.

我不是故意要弄痛她，只是想让她别乱动。

My back is really hurting me today.

我今天背疼得厉害。

My feet hurt.

我脚疼。

hurt指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly，slightly，seriously等连用；但如果指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。

注意，表示某人受到意外伤害，如路遇车祸或进行体育运动时受伤，不能用 wound, 而要用 injure 或 injury：

A man and his baby were injured in the explosion.

一名男子和他的小孩在爆炸中受伤。（偏重于说明是意外）

A bomb exploded at the embassy, injuring several people.一颗炸弹在大使馆爆炸，造成数人受伤。（偏重于说明是意外）

3.wound是指利器或子弹队身体造成的创伤，尤指在战斗中所受的伤：或指因蓄意实施的暴力行为而受伤：stab wounds (刺伤)

He had been wounded in the arm.

他的手臂受过伤。

The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹伤了他的肩膀。

He got wounded in action. 他在战斗中负伤。

A bomb exploded in a hotel, killing six people and wounding another five.

一枚炸弹在一家旅馆爆炸，造成6人死亡，5人受伤。（偏重于说明是因蓄意实施的暴力行为而受到的外伤流血）

50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.

这次袭击中有50人受重伤。

She died of a single stab wound to the heart.

她因心脏被刺中一刀而身亡。

过去分词wounded前可加the, the wounded表示“全部伤员”。wounded还可以用“two”以上的数词修饰，表示具体数目的伤员。如：

The wounded were removed.

所有的伤员都转移了。

There were twelve wounded in the field hospital.

在这个野战医院有12名伤员。

wounded 可作定语，hurt的过去分词则不能。如：

the wounded soldiers伤员

4. harm 表示人的心理、健康、权力或事业上的损害；可 用于人、动物或环境，也可用于名誉或形象的伤害，程度较轻；通常为故意地）伤害，危害；危及

[动词+名词短语] 伤害；损害

to hurt or injure sb or to damage sth

He would never harm anyone.

他永远不会伤害任何人。

I've never harmed a soul in my life

我这一生从未伤害过任何人。

The hijackers seemed anxious not to harm anyone.

劫持犯似乎焦虑不安，不想伤害任何人。

The kidnappers didn't harm the little boy.

绑匪没有伤害那个小男孩。

Pollution can harm marine life.

污染会危及海洋生物。

These revelations will harm her chances of winning the election.

这些揭露的事实将不利于她赢得选举。

Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.

不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。

This machine can handle chemicals that harm the environment.

这台机器能够处理损害环境的化学物品。

Living together didn't harm our friendship. If anything it strengthened it

在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。

His failures harmed his reputation.

他屡次失败使他的声誉受损。

All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings.

只要是狗就可能会咬人。(名词)

The court case will do serious harm to my business.

这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。(名词)

5.damage v. 损害，毁坏

可以用于某物或某人的身体，表示使之失去价值或功能；也可用于感情、信心等，表示产生不良影响。

The early frost damaged the crops.

早霜把庄稼给毁了。

His car was damaged in a collision.

他的汽车被撞坏了。

Smoking can damage your health.

吸烟会损害健康。

More attention should be given to emotionally damaged children.

感情受到伤害的儿童应该得到更多关注。

6.impair v. 损害，削弱

指使情况变得更糟、价值更小等。

Smoking impaired his health.

吸烟使他的健康变得更糟。

His vision was impaired.

他的视力变差了。